How to convert binary data with primitive data types

Well, I solved it exactly as you said:

  def to_linear16(<<>>) do
    <<>>
  end

  # use littel-float-size here, as it seems our floats are littel endian
  def to_linear16(<<v::little-float-size(32), r::binary>>) do
    Logger.debug("#{inspect(v)}")
    f =
      if v < 0 do
        <<trunc(v * 0x8000)::size(16)>>
      else
        <<trunc(v * 0x7FFF)::size(16)>>
      end

    f <> to_linear16(r)
  end

I am still not sure, if this is an efficient way, but it works.

I might switch to the membrance framework, as it seems to have functionality like this build in.