How to halt stream while returning a last value

You can do it with a sentinel value, since each step of Stream.transform can emit multiple results:

    |> Stream.transform(
      fn -> 0 end,
      fn
        {:atom, a}, atom_count when atom_count+1 < wanted_atoms ->
          {[a], atom_count+1}
        {:atom, a}, _atom_count ->
          {[a, :__no_more_atoms], :ok}
        {_, v}, atom_count ->
          {[v], atom_count}
      end,
      fn _ -> :ok end
    )
    |> Stream.take_while(& &1 != :__no_more_atoms)

The transform produces a stream with an extra value on the end when the last wanted atom is seen, then take_while snips it off and terminates the stream.