Gus is entirely right about being able to use Nerves-related libraries on other Linux-based machines. Most of them can/will work. Though with Raspberry Pi OS you already have a network manager so VintageNet might not be desirable and so on.
The AI camera has on-camera processing via some Sony piece of kit and an RPi 2040. I haven’t bought one or looked into the software they offer for that. You can assume it is not entirely straightforward to get running without Python.
Now whether we can run Python under Elixir is a very interesting question… (see Cocoa’s pythonx for example)
For the AI camera I’d say you can shell out using MuonTrap to run whatever RPi OS offers 
