(Postgrex.Error) FATAL 28P01 (invalid_password) password authentication failed for user “postgres”

You need to check what “ROLES” your Postgres installation has available, and possibly create a suitable one. PostgreSQL docs say:

In order to bootstrap the database system, a freshly initialized system always contains one predefined role. This role is always a “superuser”, and by default (unless altered when running initdb ) it will have the same name as the operating system user that initialized the database cluster. Customarily, this role will be named postgres .

This means it is neither guaranteed for every PostgreSQL installation to have the postgres “role” nor it is guaranteed for it to have “postgres” as password, even if it exists.