Process design: Excel-like mutually dependent computations

Mutually dependent computation leads to chaos. I would make sure the dependency is a tree, with no loops. Computation is then straightforward. To model loops, I would add state holding registers, to postpone some changes to the next round.

Simulation of a complex system is fun; abusing the actor model to have too many actors is not. Start from a single thread program just loop through all tree nodes. If you need parallelism for speed, you can partition the tree later.