I think you’re overthinking this. Write code that does what you described. I’d start with a database table that stores some token/label that represents a “bucket” of limits and a timestamp. Every time an API call is made you write an entry to that table. Before making the call you query for the limits – group by the various time intervals with a count of each and a having clause to enforce your desired constraints. It won’t be a trivial query (possibly window function or lateral join) but you’ll learn good things figuring that out. In the end it’ll be a single query.
