To pile in on this one 
Tuples are: strictly positional (you won’t be moving their contents around, nor will you be referencing the contents by keys, and pattern matches must be exact), are not Enumerable (so you won’t get to use the Enum module), relatively space efficient (caveats apply) and fast for random access (due to positional nature). Various mutations are provided in the Tuple module.
Maps are: fast lookups, good update performance, values have lookup keys, they are Enumerable, and pattern matches are quite free-form due to the key’d values
Lists are: Enumerable, suited to collections of items, poor for random access at large sizes, but good for iterating and modifying. The swiss-army-knife data bag of Elixir, and often more than fast-enough in most cases.
Keyword lists are: Lists of 2-Tuples!
As Keyword lists show, these can all be mixed and matched: tuples as the values (or keys!) of maps, maps as the values in a list, lists as elements in tuples .. algebraic types ftw!
